Should I form my LLC in NY or NJ for a mobile app company?
Two friends and myself are developing a mobile app that we will sell on the Apple app store and the Android marketplace. We have decided to form an LLC to sell the application. Two of us are located in NYC and 1 is in NJ. It seems more beneficial to form the LLC in NJ but will we need to file as a foreign entity since two members are in NY? I am also confused as to what constitutes business in a state since everything will be done online. Any info would be appreciated.
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Why not form in Delaware? – Karlson 13 years ago
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I'm not sure if forming in Delaware would be beneficial or not. Perhaps in our case it is because I don't think we need to file as a foreign entity in NY or NJ if we did form in DE since like I posted below, "There is no physical store or even product. Basically all our LLC is doing is selling a finished product on the internet." I guess it would depend on whether or not what we are doing is "considered doing business" in NJ. I'm not 100% sure though. – Frank 13 years ago
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As I quote in my answer if you have an office, employees you will likely be considered as doing business in a particular state. Although the best people to answer this would be accountants. – Karlson 13 years ago
2 Answers
First of, where the owners (investors) live really has nothing to do with "doing business".
Doing business in a state (USA) generally is taken to mean some sort of physical presence. This could be an office, warehouse, manufacturing plant, data-center etc. It could even be a hot dog cart that you stored in NJ and brought into NYC during the day. In this case you would be doing business in NYC since the cart was physically present there.
In the case of partners working at home, if there are no corporate assets present, no sign on the door, and no interaction with the public at the home then this would not generally be considered "doing business" in that state. Similarly if you take your laptop with you and go to a week long conference in Las Vegas, you would not generally be considered "doing business" in Nevada (the state where Las Vegas is located).
You state "everything will be done online", this is not quite true as you will be required (generally) to have a registered agent in the state where you form your LLC; so you will be doing business there. Also when you file tax returns there will be a physical return address listed (it may just be a PO Box).
So in your case it would seem you could pick either NY or NJ (or even another state like Delaware) for your LLC. If you pick NY or NJ, then use that as your mailing address. I am assuming you are not going to rent an office any time soon.
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Thanks for the feedback. When I said everything would be done online I was referring to the fact that all our sales would be solely done on the internet. There is no physical store or even product. Basically all our LLC is doing is selling a finished product on the internet. This being the case, I don't believe I would need to file as a foreign entity in the state of NY for example if we chose to form the LLC in NJ. – Frank 13 years ago
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Frank: That is my thought as well. Just be careful and have all your corporate mail (bank statements etc.) go to a NJ address. – Jonny Boats 13 years ago
IANAL and IANAA
The best answer I could find on the subject of doing business in a particular state is here
If you have employees in a state or own or lease property in a state, you're probably doing business in that state. That means you'll be liable for income taxes and other filings. On the other hand, if your only connection with a state is that you have an agent (not an employee) in the state who can take orders (but not bind the company), you ship goods into the state by common carrier (e.g., UPS, FedEx, etc.), you're most likely not doing business in the state.In all likelihood if you are not employees of your own LLC you won't be doing business in either NY or NJ.
Actually here is more the same subject from the lawyers And more so in plain language
